EXPORT: Le aziende in Europa più colpite dalla svalutazione dello Yuan cinese

“… A Nation’s history deeply influences its present tense and its future.

Today’s China developed from China’s history.

Our Country’s and Nation’s history of development, including the deep rationale of safeguarding of peace and stability, also promulgates the historical inevitability of our Country’s road of development.

To strive for the successes of reform and opening, and the building of socialist modernization, we must not only understand China’s present tense, but its recent and more distant past.

To read more extensively about the Chinese Nation’s development history, we can deepen our National feelings, enhance National self-confidence, uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics even more strongly, and achieve the magnificent cause of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation. …” – [see to the _§_, at the end].

In his foreword, Jiang Zemin (17 agosto 1926 – was the most important political leader of China from the nineties until the early twenty-first century) pointed out that Chinese need to record their Country’s and their Nation’s history better, that People must conscientiously summarize and carry on with the successful experience of reform and opening and the building of socialist modernization, and also emphasize and draw on historical experience, scientifically grasp and correctly make use of historical patterns, correctly learn from the experiences of historic dynasties’ rises and falls.

In 1793, the King of England, George lll, sent a mission under Lord (George) Macartney (14 May 1737 – 31 May 1806) to China to open regular dip­lomatic and commercial relations with China.

The King instructed Macartney to deliver a letter to the Emperor requesting, among other things, that the English be allowed to have an ambassador (also referred to as an “envoy”) who would live in the Chinese capital and who would help repre­sent and protect the interests of British merchants doing business in China and thus facilitate trade between the two Countries.

The following response from the Emperor Qianlong (25 September 1711 – 7 February 1799; reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796) illustrates the Chinese attitude toward international relations and foreigners.

Emperor Qianlong’s response to the King George III of England – 1792

http://intermarketandmore.finanza.com/files/2015/08/EMPEROR-QIANLONG’S-RESPONSE-TO-THE-KING-OF-ENGLAND.jpg

“… Our Celestial Empire possesses all things in prolific abundance and lacks no product within its borders.

There is therefore no need to import the manufactures of outside barbarians in exchange for our own produce. …” – [see to the _2_, at the end].

The Macartney Embassy is historically significant because it marked a missed opportunity by the Chinese to move toward some kind of accommodation with the West.

This failure would continue to plague the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) as it encountered increasing foreign pressures and internal unrest during the 19th Century.

The policies of the “Thirteen Factories” remained. The embassy returned to Britain in 1794 without obtaining any concession from China [see to the _3_, at the end].

However, the mission could be construed as a success because it brought back detailed observations. Sir George Staunton (10 April 1737 – 14 January 1801) was charged with producing the official account of the expedition after their return.

This multi-volume work was taken chiefly from the papers of Lord Macartney and from the papers of Sir Erasmus Gower (3 December 1742 – 21 June 1814), who was Commander of the expedition. Sir Joseph Banks (13 February 1743 – 19 June 1820), the President of the Royal Society, was responsible for selecting and arranging engraving of the illustrations in this official record [see to the _4_, at the end].

Macartney was expected to lead an embassy to Japan after he completed his mission to China, but his hopes of being able to proceed to Japan were ended by the confirmation when he returned to Canton of news of the outbreak of war with France and consequently of the vulnerability of his ships to attack by French cruisers operating from Batavia.

On 23 December, Macartney recorded in his journal:

“I have given up my projected visit to Japan, which (though now less alluring in prospect) has always been with me a favourite adventure as a possible opening of a new mine for the exercise of our industry and the purchase of our manufactures”.

Macartney’s journal from the embassy to China included observations and opinions which have become famously associated with the british diplomat:

-l1l- “The Empire of China is an old, crazy, first-rate man of War, which a fortunate succession of able and vigilant officers have contrived to keep afloat for these hundred and fifty years past, and to overawe their neighbours merely by her bulk and appearance.

But whenever an insufficient man happens to have the command on deck, adieu to the discipline and safety of the ship.

She may, perhaps, not sink outright; she may drift some time as a wreck, and will then be dashed to pieces on the shore; but she can never be rebuilt on the old bottom”.

-l2l- “The breaking-up of the power of (no very improbable event) would occasion a complete subversion of the commerce, not only of Asia, but a very sensible change in the other quarters of the World.

The industry and the ingenuity of the Chinese would be checked and enfeebled, but they would not be annihilated.

Her ports would no longer be barricaded; they would be attempted by all the adventures of all trading nations, who would search every channel, creek, and cranny of China for a market, and for some time be the cause of much rivalry and disorder.

Nevertheless, as Great Britain, from the weight of her riches and the genius and spirits of her people, is become the first political, marine, and commercial Power on the Globe, it is reasonable to think that she would prove the greatest gainer by such a revolution as I have alluded to, and rise superior over every competitor”.

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_§_ J. Zemin (in, the), “Concise reader on Chinese history” – l Preface: “Pay high attention to learning the Chinese nation’s history of development” l – Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CAAS), China Social Science Press: Edition 1st, August 2012.

_2_ Qianlong Emperor, “Second edict to King George III of England”, 1792
http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/2c/texts/1792QianlongLetterGeorgeIII.htm

_3_ The “Thirteen Factories” was an area of Guangzhou (Canton), China, where the first foreign trade was allowed in the 18th century since the “hai jin” ban on maritime activities. It is also referred to as the “Thirteen Hongs” or the “Canton Factories”.

The factory system came to an end in 1842 with the “Treaty of Nanking”.

The site where the factories stood is now Wenhua Park, and Thirteen Hong Street, onto which the factories backed is now named Shisanhang Road.

_4_ J. Banks, “Papers of Sir Joseph Banks – Section 12: Lord Macartney’s embassy to China l Series 62: Papers concerning publication of the account of Lord Macartney’s embassy to China, ca 1797”, State Library of New South Wales
http://www2.sl.nsw.gov.au/banks/series_62/62_view.cfm

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Surfer © サーファー [Let China sleep, for when she wakes, she will shake the World – Napoleon (Bonaparte, in 1816, after reading the travel report of the first british ambassador to China, Lord Macartney)]

[PREMESSA-ATTENZIONE – LEGGASI B_E_N_E ALLA FINE]

“Il PIL destagionalizzato del Giappone si è contratto del -0,4%, ma meno del -0,5% previsto dal mercato. Su base annua, nel secondo trimestre la cifra è calata del -1,6%.

Il Giappone deve affrontare molti venti contrari.

Nel secondo trimestre, le esportazioni sono scese a un ritmo in crescita pari al 16,5%. In particolare, le esportazioni giapponesi verso la Cina sono calate dell’11% a/a per effetto dell’attuale crisi cinese.

Il primo ministro nipponico Shinzo Abe fa fatica a far uscire l’economia da decenni di deflazione.

La spesa dei consumatori, che rappresenta una questione chiave per i funzionari giapponesi, al momento non sembra decollare. Infatti, su base annua, i consumi delle famiglie sono calati del 3,1% nel trimestre di riferimento.

Per il momento, la freccia fiscale dell’Abeconomia si sta dimostrando un fallimento. In effetti, l’aumento dell’IVA dell’anno scorso, dal 5% all’8%, ha distrutto la spesa dei consumatori e le retribuzioni non sono cresciute di conseguenza.

Infine, il Giappone sta facendo fatica a entrare in un trend sostenibile di crescita. A trimestri di crescita seguono spesso trimestri di contrazione.

Non dimentichiamo, inoltre, il prezzo enorme che il Giappone ha pagato per raggiungere questa semi-ripresa: un rapporto debito/PIL superiore al 200%.

Rimaniamo rialzisti sull’USD/JPY perché ora i mercati si concentrano sul primo rialzo del tasso della Fed. In un’ottica di medio termine, prevediamo che la coppia rimarrà stabilmente sopra quota 125,00”.

l- – – – –

_§_ Y. Quelenn (swissquote, eu, the), “Contrazione del PIL in Giappone” – Agosto 17, 2015

http://it.swissquote.eu/fx/news-and-live-signals/daily-forex-news/2015/08/17

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[PARI-PARI tratto da quei SOLITI]

C_I_O_C_C_A_P_I_A_T_T_I di MILANO FINANZA

http://www.milanofinanza.it/news/contrazione-del-pil-in-giappone-201508171245483309

Allora,

Sabato 15 Novembre 2014 (Anno XXVI – Numero 225),

alla pagina 10,

di MILANO FINANZA,

LEGGO o SI LEGGE – IN ALTO ed IN APERTURA – quanto segue:

l> Giappone – A 25 anni dal crollo dell’indice Nikkei, Tokyo ha deciso di voltare pagina e far ripartire l’economia spingendo su investimenti e inflazione. Ma in Europa nessuno vuole ascoltare la lezione nipponica.

SAYONARA ALLA DEFLAZIONE

di GUIDO SALERNO ALETTA

[QUESTO EMERITO P_A_T_A_C_C_A_R_O CONTINUA A SCRIVERE BOIATE ASSURDE E QUOTIDIANE – E NON SA UNA MAZZA. UN C_A_Z_Z_O, COSI’ SI CAPISCE BENE]

MEZZI AVVISATI, MEZZI SALVATI!

Surfer © サーファー [Il principale partner commerciale del Giappone è la Cina – NON DA OGGI! Non Lo dimenticaTe MAI; anche se voleTe capire determinati “incastri”. Buon proseguo di giornata]